Responding to complaints by high school and college students that free condoms being distributed by Washington DC health officials are of poor quality and too small, the city now intends to offer Trojan condoms, including extra-large versions, in addition to the less expensive Durex condoms it had  distributed exclusively until now. 

City officials decided it was worth the extra few thousand dollars per year to encourage sexually active teens to practice safe sex.

“We want to support the regularization of condom use citywide,” Shannon Hader, director of the city’s HIV/AIDS administration told the Washington Post. “We are promoting this idea that using condoms is healthy . . . to destigmatize condom use,  for kids (and) grown-ups.”

The District’s health department distributed 3.2 million condoms last year, including about 15,000 in schools, to its 600,000 residents. The program costs the city $165,000 per year. The city pays 5.7 cents per Durex condom, and will pay from 6 to 9 cents for the Trojans, depending on size.

Interested parties can get the condoms online or at more than 100 locations, including liquor stores, barbershops and youth centers. 

In a survey of high school students in the District last spring, most participants “felt Trojan brand condoms were of better quality and protection.” They regarded the extra large “Magnum” condom marketed by Trojan as the best because it was “thicker.”

Durexes were perceived by the students to most likely to “pop or break.”

Despite these perceptions, health officials agree that the condoms are equally effective in terms of preventing pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases.

Just one week after first-dietician-in chief Michelle Obama asked the food industry to reduce the marketing of unhealthy foods to kids as part of her campaign against childhood obesity, 16 food makers agreed to cut 1.5 trillion calories from their products by 2015.

The companies, which include Hershey, Kraft Foods, Coca-Cola and Pepsico, announced plans to reach the goal by reducing portion sizes, changing recipes for certain products, and offering more low-cal alternatives to their offerings.

The move represents the food industry’s response to Ms. Obama’s call for a reduction in childhood obesity rates to 5% by 2030. Currently, about a third of US children are overweight or obese.

“This is precisely the kind of real private-sector commitment that we need,” Mrs. Obama told the Wall Street Journal.

Notably absent from the list of participating organizations were restaurant companies. Even so, participating companies account for nearly a quarter of the entire US food supply by volume, according to White House statistics.

To determine whether they meet their target, participating companies will determine the amount of calories they remove from each product and multiply that by the number of units sold. They will also try to account for sales trends. When new products or smaller portions of existing products are sold, the companies will calculate the percent of market share cannibalized by the new (or smaller sized) product, and multiply that by the number of units sold.

Healthy-food advocates were lukewarm to the initiative, noting that people could simply eat more servings of the food items.

“This is where the market is taking these companies anyway. I don’t know that this represents much of a concession,” said Yale’s Kelly Brownell, who studies obesity.

The recently enacted health reform law could cost taxpayers $115 billion more over the next decade than originally proposed, if Congress approves all spending proposals outlined in the legislation, according to the Congressional Budget Office.

The increase would push overall costs of the law beyond $1 trillion, an amount the Obama administration has tried desperately to stay under.

The new law extends health coverage 30 million people that are currently uninsured, primarily through tax credits that can be used to purchase insurance via competitive markets that are scheduled to begin operations in 2014. The law was signed by President Obama on March 23 following a CBO estimate that it would cost $938 billion over the next decade, even as it cut the federal deficit by $143 billion.

According to the CBO, the incremental spending includes $10-20 billion in administrative costs, $39 billion directed at Native American health care programs, and $34 billion for local health centers.

Apparently, most folks knew about these additions before the law was passed, but they were not included because the spending was discretionary. Congressional Republican had argued that they should have been.

“Congress does not always act on authorizations that are put into legislation by drafters,” Kenneth Baer, a CBO spokesperson told the Washington Post. “Authorizations for discretionary spending are not expenditures.”

In its recent update, the CBO also mentioned that costs of the law could be higher still, since the law approved several programs for which specific funding levels have yet to be established.

Baer did suggest that the president would stipulate that any added spending would have to be offset by reductions in other programs. “The president made clear he will enforce that with his veto pen,” Baer told the Post.

Anger regarding the health-care overhaul caused the number of serious threats against members of Congress to triple in the first quarter of this year, according to federal law enforcement officials.

There were 42 such threats between January and March, 2010, compared with 15 during the same period in 2009

“The incidents ranged from vulgar to serious threats, including death threats,” said Senate Sergeant-at-Arms Terrance W. Gainer. “The ability to carry them out is another question.”

Nearly all of this year’s threats have come from people who are opposed to health reform, although the threats are almost equally divided against both parties.

The threats have not waned since President Obama signed the bill into law on March 23; if anything, they have increased, according to an FBI spokeswoman.

In response, Capitol officials have beefed-up security at the 454 Senate offices across the country. Some offices have received special equipment to help screen mail. In other cases, new locks and surveillance cameras have been installed.

Incidents have involved House Speaker Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.), Senator Patty Murray (D-Wash.) and Representatives Eric Cantor (R-Va.), Stephen Cohen (D-Tenn.),  Tom Perriello (D-Va.), and Bart Stupak (D-Mich.), among others.

Most lawmakers have not altered their schedules however. “It hasn’t changed how we do business in the office,” Perriello spokeswoman Jessica Barba told the Washington Post.
 
Perriello was maintaining an “aggressive public events schedule,” with a dozen appearances last week and no security accompanying him.

“There’s more anger out there about the direction of our country,” Sen. Lamar Alexander (R-Tenn.)  said. “I see it and feel it in the public meetings, but I’m going to the same places and doing the same things I always have.”

A recent spike in illegal methamphetamine use and an associated proliferation of meth labs has prompted lawmakers to consider implementing a home-grown version of an Oregon law requiring that people who wish to purchase certain cold remedies must have a doctor’s prescription.

Meth labs use pseudoephedrine—an ingredient in many cold elixirs—to make the highly addictive stimulant.

Federal laws enacted 4 years ago limit the amount of pseudoephedrine-containing compounds that a person can purchase per month and per store visit. They also require pharmacies to track and report such purchases and to keep the drugs behind counters or in locked cabinets.

These laws cut meth utilization for 2 years, but meth producers have learned to circumvent them by deploying groups of people to purchase their limit and pooling the stash. And the number of meth labs nationwide has jumped from 3,000 in 2007 to 3,600 in 2008, authorities claim.

The same year that the Federal law went into effect, Oregon passed one of its own requiring a doctor’s prescription for drugs containing pseudoephedrine. Since then, meth-related arrests have dropped 43% and meth labs have nearly vanished in the state.

Those results prompted two cities in Missouri, Washington and Union, to pass ordinances modeled after Oregon’s law.

“To me, [what Oregon did] is the answer,” Richard Stratman, Washington’s mayor told the Wall Street Journal. “If you can tie up the pseudoephedrine and make it difficult to obtain, you can get the job maybe not completely done, but you can put a pretty good dent in those labs.”

More recently, lawmakers in Missouri and California introduced similar legislation and nationally, Oregon Senator Ron Wyden is planning to do the same later this year.

Companies that produce the cold remedies aren’t too keen on the proposals. The laws would “put a great burden not only on consumers but on the health-care system as well,” said Andrew Fish, who is the general counsel for a trade group representing the drug makers.

Preventive services for patients with Type II diabetes do reduce future health-care costs, but even in the long term, the initial expenses are not completely recovered according to a study published in Health Affairs earlier this month. 

To reach these conclusions, Michael O’Grady and colleagues compiled data from several clinical trials that used an aggressive but doable program to manage all phases of the disease.

They found that federally-insured patients enrolled in such a program would cost over $1,000 per person per year, and that even after 25 years, only ¾ of those costs would be returned via reduced spending on dialysis, amputations and coronary heart disease.

The only group in whom preventive services actually reduced long-term costs were those in their mid-20s at study onset.

“There’s no free lunch here,” concluded O’Grady in an interview with the Washington Post.

President Obama, House Speaker Nancy Pelosi and others claim that health reform will save money, in part by preventing the costs of future diseases by increasing access to preventive services.

Pelosi and Senator Tom Harkin frequently criticize the Congressional Budget Office for adopting a long-enough time horizon in estimating the cost impact of such programs.

The new study supports their position. Most savings accrued well after the 10-year horizon typically used by CBO. The study authors propose a 25-year time horizon for calculating the impact of such programs.

CBO Director Douglas Elmendorf seemed open to the suggestion, indicating the study was “exactly the sort of research that we use in building our cost estimates. We will consider these findings in future estimates we do in this area.”

Earlier this month, the CBO concluded that the costs of widespread cancer screening and cholesterol management programs were going to far outweigh any savings, even in the long term.

This post first appeared on the Practice Fusion Blog.

Last week, the venerable Institute of Medicine released a list of 100 research priorities designed to provide a roadmap for the comparative effectiveness agenda mandated by the Big O’s January Hail Mary otherwise known as ARRA.

At the top of the list are treatment strategies for common conditions like obesity and back pain and the prevention of falls in hospitalized patients. The list also includes mechanisms by which  medical research findings are disseminated to the bedside and to the public.

The full list is here.

Congress allocated $1.1 billion of its $787 billion stimulus package to comparative effectiveness research, assuming such research can improve the quality of health care, though such an impact would be years away.

This “is a program about improving decisions for patients,” Harold Sox told the Wall Street Journal. Sox co-chaired the IOM committee that established the list.

Sox’ team distilled the final 100 from more than 2,600 suggestions submitted by professional groups, policy experts and the public.

Although the products of medical device and pharmaceutical companies will be the primary focus of the research, the former contributed only 11 suggestions and the latter managed just 17. “For whatever reason, we didn’t get many suggestions from them,” Sox understated.

“Right now, the winners and losers (among the various drugs and devices in extant) are based on which company has the best marketing department, rather than who has the best product,” said University of Pennsylvania professor Brian Strom.

“If we show that in certain drugs, the more expensive one is better than the cheaper one, the answer is use the expensive one,” added Strom. “The focus of comparative effectiveness research is that it leads to better care, not cheaper care.”

We don’t recall Michael Leavitt saying anything like this during the 4 years he served as Secretary of HHS under George W. Bush, but now he’s quite forthright in calling Medicare a fiscal disaster, and declaring that health reform proposals built around it would end up just the same.

With surely not a whit of political intent, the former Secretary told the Washington Post today that Medicare provides uncoordinated, expensive, poor quality care because “every incentive in the system is to provide more care, not better care.”

Referring to the Big O’s fading aspiration to create a public option that would compete against Big Insurance, Leavitt scoffed that such an idea would lead to “essentially a bankrupt system.”

Building on Medicare “is the equivalent of trying to solve obesity by prescribing a perpetual regimen of double calories,” Leavitt told the Post.

Then, in a remarkably transparent sleight of hand designed to distance himself from what he just said was the abject failure of a program for which he was responsible, Leavitt pointed a finger at Congress.

It’s too soft, too beholden to the special interests, he deadpanned. 

Planned cuts in Medicare payments to physicians were continually blocked by a Congress that was, he said, in the back pockets of providers. And Congress had OK’d competitive bidding on medical equipment, but backed away from that too, amid pressure from the device industry.

“[I]n a system that’s run by the government, lobbyists and various commercial interests, including doctors, hospitals, nurses, medical equipment dealers and every other part of the system, use the political process to restrict the capacity for change,” Leavitt said, his hands thoroughly washed of the matter.

In sworn testimony yesterday before the Senate Budget Committee, Congress’ chief budget analyst lambasted the health reform proposals drafted by congressional Democrats in both chambers for failing to control government spending.

Douglas Elmendorf, who directs the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office, said neither the House bill nor the one drafted by the Senate health committee propose “the sort of fundamental changes” required to alter the cost curve on federal health spending.

In fact “the curve is being raised,” he remarked to the stunned audience. 

Fiscally conservative House Democrats, who had been saying this all along, said Elmendorf’s testimony would cause more of their colleagues to demand changes to the $1.2 trillion House bill, which proposes to provide health insurance to 97% percent of Americans by 2015.

And Republicans jumped on it faster than Usain Bolt on skates.

House Minority Leader John Boehner, who never misses an opportunity to throw thumbtacks in front of the Big O’s Health Reform Express, said Elmendorf’s comments prove “that one of the Democrats’ chief talking points is pure fiction.”

Boehner’s henchman in the Senate, Minority Leader Mitch McConnell added that Elmendorf’s salvo should be a “wake-up call” for Obama and his Democratic allies, and called yet again for the process to be slowed down. 

Echoing those sentiments, Republican Senator Olympia Snowe said “I think it would be prudent for the president to be patient.” Snowe was one of 3 Republicans who voted for the Big O’s Economic Hail Mary back in January.

Bipartisan approval of the final legislation “can provide huge impetus for (its) success,” she told the Washington Post.

The Big O’s Health Reform Express has been stuck in the La Brea of tar pits for weeks as it confronts dissention among Congressional Democrats and cold feet among key stakeholders it thought were in the bag.

And today’s release by House Democrats of a draft proposal that would tax the rich to pay for health reform and launch a government-run insurance plan that would compete with private insurers only makes things stickier, since it has no chance to pass in the Senate.

Henry Waxman, who has lead reform drafting efforts in the House, continues to act like the kid on the playground who didn’t get picked to be in the game.

Referring to deals struck in his absence by the Senate Finance Committee, the Big O, industry executives and various interest groups, the Chairman of the Energy and Commerce Committee chirped “we’re not bound by (those agreements). The White House was involved…we were not.”

Meanwhile, American Hospital Association reps from several states were criticizing their parents’ $155 billion deal with the Big O on grounds that across-the-board Medicare cuts unfairly penalized providers who already provided care for reasonably low cost.

For their part, 5 Big Pharma CEOs were complaining to White House Chief of Staff Rahm Emanuel and health czar Nancy-Ann DeParle about proposals to permit the purchase of imported drugs and to regulate generic biologics.

On the latter issue, the Biotechnology Industry Organization wants 12 years worth of patent protection for its fancy new drugs. That’s “asking for a protection deal twice as sweet” as that given to traditional drug makers 25 years ago, an incredulous AARP spokesman Jim Dau told the Washington Post.

“How much more money do they think they can wring out of patients and taxpayers?”

Amid all this, Emanuel has remained unphased. The public outcry for an affordable, accessible health care system, he insists, will eventually carry the day. “It leaves those who oppose reform as the defenders of the status quo,” he told the Post.

Industry sources have told the Washington Post that 3 influential hospital associations have agreed to contribute $155 billion over the next decade toward paying for the costs of insuring the 47 million Americans that don’t currently have coverage.

The deal reached between the American Hospital Association, the Federation of American Hospitals and the Catholic Health Association and both White House officials and Senate Finance Committee leaders follows a similar deal in which Big Pharma coughed up  $80 billion toward the same end.

“Getting health-care reform is absolutely critical,” said a hospital association negotiator. “This is our attempt to act in good faith.”

About 60% of the savings would result from cuts to previously expected Medicare and Medicaid payments. Most of the rest would be achieved by reducing hospital payments earmarked for care of the uninsured.

The reductions would kick-in after most uninsured folks acquire coverage, a significant risk-mitigator for hospitals.

A source privy to the negotiations indicated the parties reached a deal after government officials pitched “shared responsibility” and assured providers that that all parts of the system would be asked to sacrifice.

In achieving the final figure, the Big O played hardball, just as he did with Big Pharma 2 weeks earlier. In that case, Obama floated a request that drug makers fork over $100 billion towards the greater good. After losing its lunch, Big Pharma countered with $80 billion and the deal was done.

In this case, the Coronated One announced in his weekly radio/Internet chat that his team had found ways to save $200 billion in hospital costs over a 10 year period.

“There was no way we could tolerate $200 billion,” an industry executive told the Post.

Since forever, the Big O has argued that comprehensive health reform was a prerequisite to revivifying the nation’s flagging economy.

Last week, his argument got support from a report by the Council of Economic Advisors, which claimed that cutting annual growth in health-care spending from 6% to 4.5% could create 500,000 jobs per year and increase annual family income by $2,600 over the next decade.

Alas, the report lacked details regarding how such goals would be met, and failed to mention the extra dollar or two in government spending that would be needed to jump-start the process.

The report also acknowledged that the 25% reduction in the rate of growth in spending was “near the upper bound of what is feasible.”

Republicans and independent analysts were deeply critical of the report, decrying in particular the assumption that a broad expansion of health insurance could translate into long-term savings for the government and the economy as a whole.

“This report is nothing more than smoke and mirrors,” seethed House Minority Leader John Boehner to the Washington Post. “The administration hasn’t offered a credible plan to (cut costs) without raising taxes or rationing care.”

Nevertheless, the Unflappable One pushed onward, releasing the contents of a letter from a consortium of industry stakeholders that promised to help save money over the next decade. 

In it, American Hospital Association pledged to fight nosocomial infections and readmissions. The AMA said it would coax physicians to follow evidence-based guidelines for back pain, heart disease and prenatal care. Big Pharma said that starting drugs earlier in the course of certain illnesses could reduce the need for more costly interventions later on.

One can only wonder why these obviously good ideas weren’t implemented long ago.

This post first appeared on the Practice Fusion Blog.

During Tuesday’s press frolic, the Big O put some mustard on his pitch for a public option, dismissing as “not logical” suggestions that a government plan would sink Big Insurance faster than the Titanic.

He followed quickly with a favorite refrain, which is that good, old-fashioned competition from a public plan would be an “important tool to discipline insurance companies.”

Then, in a denouement worthy of at least runner up at a Harvard Law Debate Club, he triple-dog-dared anyone to come up with a better plan that met his 2 etched-in-stone requirements. “Reform has to control costs and it has to provide relief to people who don’t have health insurance or are underinsured,” he said.

Big Insurance, destined in this match to play Smokin’ Joe to the Big O’s Ali, released a wild haymaker of its own 2 hours before the Big O even showed up.

“We do not believe it is possible to create a government plan that could operate on a level playing field,” quoth Karen Ignagni, president of America’s Health Insurance Plans, and Scott Serota, president of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association in an open letter to the Senate.

“Regardless of how it is initially structured, a government plan would use its built-in advantages to take over the health insurance market,” the letter continued.

No doubt the Big O smirked when he read that.

Meanwhile, Kent Conrad, the intrepid Senator from North Dakota has created a stir with his suggestion that nonprofit consumer-owned cooperatives could be an alternative to the government plan.

He foresees the Feds forking over $3-4 billion to jumpstart the co-ops, after which time they would sink or swim on premiums and investment income, just like Big Insurance.

The Big O knows he can live with this or any approach that covers most everybody without breaking the bank, but on this day he was playing offense.

“If private insurers say that the marketplace provides the best quality health care, if they tell us that they’re offering a good deal, then why is it that the government — which they say can’t run anything — suddenly is going to drive them out of business?” Obama asked.

Mr. Spock himself couldn’t have asked a more logical question.

The Senate Finance Committee has circulated a draft health reform proposal that features an individual mandate, authorizes an expansion of Medicaid, and–hold the presses!–dumps the Big O’s pet project, a government-sponsored plan that would compete with Big Insurance.

The draft also includes scaled-back coverage provisions that limit costs associated with the overhaul.

One such provision cuts the number of middle-class folks that would qualify for tax credits designed to render insurance more affordable.

The Big O, HHS Secretary Kathleen Sebelius, and many House Democrats including Nancy Pelosi favor a public option to keep Big Insurance honest. Senate Democrats have been divided on the issue since Day 1.

In lieu of a public option, the draft proposes consumer-owned cooperatives similar in design to rural telecom and electricity providers. They would be “subject to government oversight and funded with federal seed money,” according to the Washington Post.

Meanwhile, House Democrats are divining ways to pay for the overhaul. They’re considering a Robin Hood tax on the rich, increased payroll taxes on employees, sin taxes on sugary drinks and alcohol, and a new value-added tax.

The House is also considering the Senate’s preferred approach to paying for reform, which is to tax health benefits received by Americans through their employers, as well as the Big O’s idea to limit itemized deductions for the rich.

A particularly controversial issue, according to the Post, is the extent to which employers must subsidize public coverage for employees if they don’t offer coverage to employees themselves.

People worry that if lawmakers don’t get this right, employees will flee to federal plans and send government costs through the roof.

The draft includes preliminary proposals for handling this nightmare.

As chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, Montana Senator Max Baucus is right in the eye of Hurricane Health Reform.

A Democrat that hasn’t lost an election since 1972 in a state that has voted for the Republican presidential candidate every time but once over that period, Baucus sometimes infuriates party partisans.

Take the time for example, when he lambasted HillaryCare’s proposals for employer mandates and regional insurance cooperatives. They “smack of excess government and the smell of socialism,” he said back then.

So far though, the Big O couldn’t be happier with the support he’s received from Baucus on this health reform go-round.

In describing the current challenge, the Montana Democrat told the Washington Post “we’re doing something. It’s holistic, it’s our health-care apparatus. We don’t even have a system in America, really. (People) know the train is leaving the station. There’s a sense of inevitability here.”

His Finance Committee is trying to draft deficit-neutral legislation that expands coverage and cuts costs. He is said to favor an individual mandate, in which people are required to purchase health insurance, and a tax on employer-provided health benefits, issues known to rankle Republicans.

At the same time, Baucus’ track record shows he has upheld the Finance Committee’s bipartisan traditions. In the 8 years he and Republican Charles Grassley have run Finance, just 4 bills have passed on straight party-line votes.

“That’s a pretty good record of bipartisanship,” Grassley told the Post.

But then he turned ominous. ”(Baucus has) a large share of his caucus who thinks government can run health care better than the private sector, and they want that intervention,” Grassley said. 

The Montanan responded like a Blue-stater. “They may get to the point where they’re not there,” he said of Republicans. “The president (and) I want a bipartisan bill. I hope that happens. But I don’t know. Crunch time is coming up pretty soon.”

As part of their effort to redesign America’s health care system, 2 key members of Congress have proposed awarding tax credits to employers that offer wellness programs or otherwise promote healthy behavior among workers.

Democratic senators Max Baucus of Montana, who chairs the Finance Committee, and Tom Harkin of Iowa, are behind the scheme.

“Prevention and wellness should be a centerpiece of health care reform,” Harkin told the New York Times while taking the stairs to reach his seventh-floor office.

The Big O agrees. In fact one of his eight principles for health reform is that it should “invest in prevention and wellness.”

Harkin suggests that employers ought to receive tax credits for programs focused on tobacco use, physical fitness, obesity and diabetes, blood pressure control, nutrition and depression.

Many employers already offer such wellness programs. Some say they lower health costs and increase productivity. But currently, they must navigate complex labor, tax and insurance laws in order to offer them.

For example, if an employer pays for an employee’s gym membership, the payment is usually dunned as taxable income.

Employers also risk running afoul of a law designed to prevent insurers from discriminating against people because of a pre-existing condition.

Meanwhile, critics like Lewis Maltby, president of the National Workrights Institute, argue that financial incentives amount to lifestyle discrimination.

“You are supposed to be paid on the basis of how you do your job, not how often you go to the gym or how many cheeseburgers you eat,” he scoffed to the Times.